Hydraulic motor or pump and reversing-valve therefor.



Patented 1an. 7', |902.

No. 690,8l3.

. w. o. woTH. HYDRAULIC MOTOB-0B PUMP" AND HEVERSING VALVE THEREFOR.

[Application med Juneg, 1899.)

(No Model.)

will!!! Patented Jan. 7, |902. x w. n. woTH. HYDRAULIC MOTOR 0R PUMP AND REVEBVSNG VALVE IATHEHEFDR;

vv (Application filed-June 9, 1899.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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(NoModel.)

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No. 690,813, Pafented'lian. 7, |902.

w. o. woRTH. HYDRAULIC MOTUR 0R PUMP AND RE'VERSING VALVE THEREFOR.

[Application led June 9, 1899.)

5 Shets--Sheet -3.

(No Model.)

l\llllIlllllllllllllllillilmu Patented lan. 7, |902Y w. o. woRTH. l HYDRAULIC MOTOR 0B PUMP AND HEVEBSING VALVE THEBEFOR. (Application filed June 9, 1899.)

5 Shee'ts-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

1HE Nonns vzrzn co4. FHoToLIYHo.. WASHINGTONA n, c.

Patented 1an. 7', |902. w. 0. WORTH.y Y HYDRAULIC MOTOR 0R PUMP AND yREVEBSINGI VALVE THEREFOR.

(Application Bled June 9, 1899.)

5 'sheefs-slh'peg 5.

v (No Model.)

N E g? TN: ncmms mns oo.. Punto-uma, wAsnlNnTon. D cv UNITED vSTATES PATENT* OFFICE l 'WILLIAM O. WORTH, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,f ASSIGNOR OF TWO-TI-IIRDS 4 TO WILLIAM VR. DONALDSON, OF LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY, AND HENRY W. KELLOGG, OF BATTLFCREEK, MICHIGAN.-

HYDRAULIC MOTOR curul/IP A NoREvERslNc-VALVE THEREFoR.

sPnorFroA'rroN formingpart of Letters raient No. 690,813, dated January 7, 1902. l

Application filed J'nne 9, 1899.

To all whom, it may concer-n."

Be it known that I, WILLIAM O. WORTH, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and clear, and exact description thereof, refer-` ence being had to the accompanying drawv plete.

ings, which form part of this specification.

This invention is an improvement in hy-` draulic motors or pumps and reversing-valve mechanism therefor, especially designed for use in systems of power transmission wherein the power is transmitted by currents of fluids preferably circulated in an endless circuit.

The motor portion of the apparatus is useful when driven vas a pump to circulate fluids, dac., or if the fluid be forcibly circulated'there-. For convenp ience I shall hereinafter refer to this part of through it will act as a motor.

the invention as a motor. Y

The motor is designed to be operated by .a

current of preferably non-compressible fluid,

such as oil, which is forcibly circulated therethrough from any primary source in a con-L tinuous and may be endless stream.`

. The second and principal part of the inven- I tion relates to the valve mechanism for coni trolling the flow of the fluid. This mechan- I ism is such that it is possible to stop the m0- tor without stopping the circulation of the propelling fluid.

Another primary and principal object 0f this valve mechanism is to enable the motor to be reversed without stopping or reversihgthe main engine or thedirection of circulation lof the current of drivingfluid. Thisv reversal of the motor cank be 'accomplished without shock or j ar by reason of thepeculiar construction of the valve mechanism, Vwhereby ample provision is made for the continuous circulation of the driving fluid through the valve and its casing, so that the reversal of the flow of fluid in the motor can be accomplished easily and safely Without shock, as will be hereinafter' more fully explained.'

The invention will be fully understood from the following description and drawings, which 'a similar View on line 8 S, Fig. 1.

stanno. 719.937. (No man.;

to which reference is made by letters of reference thereon. y

The claims set forth definitely what I consider the principal'and essential features of my invention. I

In said drawings, Figure 1 is a right-hand side elevation of the motor and valve com- Fig. 2 is a horizontal section thereof on line 2 2, Fig. l, looking downward. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal Vertical section on line 3 3, Fig.4 2, looking to the left or in the direction of' the arrows. Fig. 4 is a similar vertical section on line 4 4, Fig. 2, omitting the gears and pistons. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section on line 55, Fgr2, looking in the direction of vthe arrows. section on line 6 6, Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is atransverse vertical section on line 7 7, Fig. l, looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 8 is Fig. 9 is a transverse section on line 9 9, Fig. l. Fig. 10 is another like section on line 10 10. Fig.

detached. p

ItA will facilitate the understanding of the construction of the machine if. thedrawings are'separated andthe sheet containing Figs. l and 2 is placed infront of the reader, the sheet containing Figs. 3 and 4 placed at the left-hand side, (these figures being sections through the left-hand side of the n1achine,) and the sheet containing Figs. 5 and 6 placed at the right-hand side of the machine.

Referring to said drawings,the casing of the motor and valveis formed with a large annular chamber A, at diametrically opposite sides of which are smaller annular chambers A', in which latter chambers are closely tted gearpistons a', that mesh with the large gear a in chamber A, the pistons and gear being mounted on suitable shafts extending transversely through the chambers. These gears are Iitted so neatly within the chambers that they practically close communication therebetween and the gear-pistons rotate synchro,-V nously in action.

. At thejunction of chambers A A and above Fig. 6 is a similar yll is a detail perspective view of the valve pistons ot are fluid-chambers B and C', and below pistons ct' at the junctions of chambers A A are fluid-chambers C and B', the chambers B B being diagonally opposite and so are chambers C C.

If fluid is admitted into chambers B B un der pressure, it will tend to rotate the gearpistons ct' in the direction indicated by the tailless arrows, Fig. 5, and pass into charnbers C C', and if the fluid be admitted primarily into chambers C C it will rotate the gear-pistons in the direction indicated by the tailed arrows, Fig. 5, and escape into chambers B B'. This obvious way of reversing the motor is accomplished by means of a novel arrangement of fluid passages or ports and the novel construction of the valve, and as this construction is somewhat intricate it has been practically impossible to illustrate in a single figure the entire course of the fluid when rotating the main shaft A2 (on which gear a is fixed) in either direction; but by careful attention to the following description of these passages and valves everything will be perfectly and fully understood.

The chambers B and B communicate with a common passage B2, which is formed in the exterior or left-hand wall of the gear-chambers A A (see Fig. 3) and extends through the casing to thevalve-chamber and communicates therewith through an inlet-port D, which is closed or opened by the main valve V, as hereinafter described.

The chambers C C communicate at the right-hand side of the casing with a passage C2, (see Fig. 6,) which leads to an exhaust-port d to the right of port D and is also closed or opened by the lnain valve, as hereinafter described. The chamber C', moreover, communicates at the left-hand side of the machine with a passage C2, (Fig. 3,) which communicates with the valve-chamber through an inlet-port D', which is also closed or opened by the main valve, the said ports D D being adapted to alternately register with but a single inlet-port v of the main valve V.

It will be observed by reference to Fig. 3 that the passage C3 isvertically above and beside passage B2, butis separated therefrom by a partition-wall A4, so that there can be no short circuit of fluid between the passages B2 and C3, and there will be no communication between the chambers B and C except around through the interposed workingchamrate outlet-ports fu Q12, adapted to respectively register with ports d d', but the ports 12'212 are so located in the valve V that they cannot simultaneously register with ports d d.

The main valve V is an open-ended cylinder fitted closely within the valve-chamber and having a centralimperforate partition V, and at the left-hand side of said partition, within the wall of the valve, is the port v and at the right-hand side of said partition, in the wall of the valve, are the ports @'112.

The open left-hand end of the valve communicates with the main inlet I, to ot from which the fluid may be conducted by any suitable pipes. The right-hand open end of the valve communicates with an outlet O, to or from which fluid may be conducted by any suitable system of pipes.

The ports D4D d d' are all formed in the side of the valve-chamber nearest the working pistons, and at the opposite side of the valve-chamber is a by-pass G, which when the main valve is turned so as to close all the ports D D d d will allow direct communication between the outlet and inlet ports, the fluid then passing from inlet I through port v into by-pass G, and then through ports o fu2 into outlet O, thus cutting the engine or motor out of the circuit, while permitting the free circulation of fluid exterior to the motor.

As shown in the drawings, the main Valve is turned so that the main shaft A2 will be rotated in the direction indicated by the tailless arrow on gear a in Fig. 5. In this case the course of the current fluid is as follows: Entering at I it passes into the upper portion of the main valve through ports ft* and D into passage B2, whence it enters chambers B B', and nding its way blocked imparts a rotary motion to gear-pistons a in the direction indicated'by the tailless arrows thereon, and escapes into cham bers C2, Figs. 5 and 6, then passes through to port d into the lower part of the main valve, and escapes through outlet O. The course of the currents in this position of the valve is clearly indicated by the tailless arrows on the drawings.

If it be desired to reverse the motion of the motor, it can be accomplished by turning valve V until port e registers with port D', which movement of the valve will close ports D'and d and open ports Dl and d', the valveport 'v2 now registering with port d'. TvVhile this movement of the valve has not affected the inflow or direction of flow of the current in the inlet and outlet pipes I and O, the course of the ii uid through the motor-casing is entirely reversed,because the fluid now enters through ports t' and D' into passage C3 and flows thence through chamber C into passage C2, (the outlet d of which, remember, has been closed.) Part of the fluid passes through passage C2 to chamber C, and the fluid, endeavoring to escape into chambers B and B', rotates pistons a in the directions indicated by the tailed arrows thereon, and after entering chambers B B it passes into passage B2, (the TOO IIO

IIS

port D of which, however, has been closed,) and then the uid passes to the right through chamber B into passage B3 and escapes through ports cl' c2 into the lower part of the main valve and to the outlet O. The course of the iiuid in this reverse movement is indicated by the tailed arrows in the drawings; but the main valve is'not shown shifted' into position to give this reverse current.

The operation may be, possibly, more readily understood if it be considered that the lefthand piston a' was omitted and only the one piston used-41. e., that 'at the side next to the valve. In that case it will be seen that the iiuid when the engine is going in the direction indicated by the tailless arrow passes through ports 'v and'D into the left-hand passage B2, iiows into chamber B', rises, forcing around piston a', into chamber C,'passes to the righthand side ofthe casing into the passage C2, and escapes through ports d and c to the outlet, or if the valve V be shiftedl so as to register ports u and D' the iiui'd passes first into the left-hand passage C3, then to chamber C', then flows down, turning piston et in the directins indicated by the tailed arrows, enters chamber B', flowsto the right end thereof into passage B3, and escapes through ports cl andc2 into the outlet.

It' it is desired to stop the motor at any time, Valve V is turned until ports c c2 or u v' register with by-pass G, when while circulation of fluid Within the motor .proper is stopped circulation of iiuid from the inlet I to outlet O can continue uninterruptedly.

VThe simplicity and 'effectiveness of this reversing-motor will be, I think,- fully comprehended from the foregoing description.

In order to prevent accidents in case the main valve should too suddenly close ports D D' d d', thus confining a body of liquid within the casing without any outlet therefor, a-

safety-valve may be arranged within the partition A4, and, if desired, a like valve may be arranged in partition'A. v I have, however, onlyshown such a valve in partition A4, which is provided with a central opening h,in which is fitted a disk-valve H, the stems H' of which extend, respectively, through passages Cs and B2 and are respectively guided in -a socketed lug H4 inpassage'B2 and in a socket-plug H5, tapped into an opening .in the outer wall of passage C3. Stout coiled springs H3 are interposed between the valves and the walls of the casing, so that the valve is held within the partition A4, preventing casual communication between the passages B2 and C3. Ifboth ports D D' should be closed and the pistons moved so as to cause any circulation of fiuid within the motor, pressure would be increased o`n one side of the valve H, and it could yield, so as to allow some iiuid to escape from the high to the low pressure side, and thus prevent damage to the motor or its casing. By means of the safetyvalve, therefore, a circulation of iuid within the casing could take place independently of the circulation in the main-circuit, but of course -would be resistedby the springs H3.

In practice I find it economical to form the motor-casing in longitudinal halves, asindicated in the drawings, one (the left-hand) half containing theinlet I, the passages B2 and C3, and ports D D and also half of the valve-chamber, the by-pass, the chambers A A', and the chambers B B C C', (see Figs. 2, 3, and 4,) and the other (the right-hand) half containing the outlet O, the passages C2 and B3, ports d d', and half of the chambers AA' B B' C C' and also half of the valve-chamber and by-pass G. These castings can be provided with exterior iianges J and be united by bolts j, as indicated in the drawings, and this construction greatly simplifying the casting of the casing and facilitating the dressing up of the various chambers, ports, &;c.

For convenience I will refer to the chambers B B and C C generally as Huid-chambers and to the chambers wherein the fluid is utilized in propelling the pistons or in which the iiuid is propelled by the pistons-(if the device be used as a pump) as working chambers. invention limited to the employment of gearpistons,nor do I consider the invention restricted to the employment of two gear-pistons, as one or more than two might be used, if desired. V

The arrangement ot' passages and'valves for reversing the movement of the iuid mayalso be varied to a considerable extent within the scope of my invention. l

The adaptation of the invention to other shown. will be readily comprehended by expert mechanics familiar with this class of machinery, and the chief merit of the invention, I-believe, resides inthe fact of my being I do not, however, consider my ICO -forms-v of luidfmotors or pumps `than that IOS.

fiuid is circulated. Itwill be seen, also, that .this valve lmechanismif applied to a pump will enable the exterior current to be directed in one direction only, whether the pump be driven forward or backward. 1

lHaving thus described/my invention, what I therefore claim as new, and-desire to secure by Letters Patent thereon, is Y l. In a motor, the combinationof a working chamber, a rotatable piston therein, iiuidchambers'on opposite sides of said working chamber, each havingfan inlet and an outlet,

and means whereby the inlet of either cham-4 ber and the out-letof the other chamber can be opened at will, while the inlet of the latter chamber and outlet of the former chamber are closed, for the purpose of reversing the rotation of the piston substantially as described. Y

2. The combination of the working chamber, a rotatable piston therein, fluid-chambers on opposite sides of said working chamber, an inlet and an outlet for each fluidchamber,and valve mechanism whereby when the inlet of one chamber is opened, that of the other is closed, and whereby when the outletof the latter is opened that of the former is closed for the purpose of reversing the rotation of the piston, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. The combination of the working chamber, a rotatable piston therein, fluid-chambers on opposite sides of said working chamber, inlet and outlet passages communicating with opposite ends of each duid-chamber, and means substantially as described, whereby communication may be opened between the inlet of either chamber, and a power-supply,

and between the outlet of the other chamberV and the exhaust; and simultaneously the inlet of the latter chamber and the outlet of the first chamber be closed, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. The combination of a working chamber, a rotatable piston therein, fluid-chambers on opposite sides of said working chamber, inlet and outlet passages communicating with opposite ends of each Huid-chamber, and a single valve substantially as described, whereby, when the inlet of one chamber is opened, that of the other is closed, and simultaneously the outlet of the latter is opened and that of the former closed.

5. The combination of a working chamber, a rotatable piston therein, fluid-chambers at opposite sides of said working chamber, an inlet and an outlet passage for each fluidchamber, and a main inlet and a main outlet; with Valve mechanism substantially as described, whereby communication may be established between said main inlet and the inlet of either one of said chambers, and also whereby communication can be established between the outlet of the other chamber and the main outlet, while at the same time the inlet of the latter chamber and the outlet of the former chamber are closed, substantially as described.

6. In a motor, the combination of a working chamber, the rotatable piston therein, the opposite fluid-chambers at opposite sides of said working chamber, and the inlet and outlet passages for each chamber; with a valvechamber, ports therein communicating respectively with said passages, and a valve in said chamber adapted to simultaneously open certain of said ports and close others, so that the motor can be reversed at will, substantially as and for the purpose described.

7. In a motor, the combination of the working chamber, a rotatable piston therein, the opposite fluid-chambers at opposite sides of the working chamber, a valve-chamber, a main inlet and a main outlet, separate outletpassages leading fromsaid main outlet to each of said fluid-chambers respectively, separate inlet-passages leading from the main inlet to each of said duid-chambers respectively, and

a valve within said valve-chamber adapted to establish communication between the main inlet and either of said inlet-passages, and between the main outlet and either of said outlet-passages, substantially as described.

8. In a motor, the combination of the working chamber, a rotatable piston therein, the fluid-chambers at opposite sides of said working chamber, a valve-chamber, a main inlet and a main outlet separated by said valvechamber, separate outlet-passages leading from said valve-chamber to each of said fluidchambers respectively, separate inlet passages leading from said valve-chamber to each of said fluid-chambers respectively, and a valve within said valve-chamber adapted to prevent direct communication between the -main inlet and outlet, and provided with a port adapted to establish communication between the main inletI and the inlet-passage of either of said chambers, and also provided with ports adapted to simultaneously establish communication between the main outlet and the outlet of the other of said chambers, substantially as described.

9. In a reversing-valve, the combination of the main-valve chamber, the main inlet and outlet at opposite ends thereof, two subsidiary inlet-passages and two subsidiary outlet-passages communicating with said valve-chamber, and a by-pass in the wall of said valvechamber; with a valve in said chamber having a partition adapted to prevent direct communication between the main inlet and outlet and having ports in its walls whereby communication may be established between the main inlet and either of the subsidiary inlets, and betweenfthe main outlet and either of the subsidiary outlets, said ports being also adapted to communicate with the by-pass when the valve is properly turned, and thus establish a short circuit between the main inlet and outlet, for the purpose and substantially as described.

10. The combination of a working chamber, fluid-chambers on opposite sides thereof, an inlet and an outlet passage communicating at opposite ends of each fluid-chamber, and a safety-valve interposed between the two inlet-passages; with means substantially as described, whereby communication may be opened between the inlet of either chamber, and a fluid-supply and between the outlet of the other chamber and a fluid-exhaust, and simultaneously the inlet of the latter chamber and the outlet of the first chamber closed, substantially as and for the purpose described.

1l. In a reversing-valve, the combination of the main-Valve chamber, the main inlet and outlet at opposite ends thereof, two subsidiary inlet-passages and two subsidiary outlet-passages communicating with said valve-chamber, a safety-valve interposed between and closing communication between said subsidiary inlet-passages, and a by-pass in the wall of said valve-chamber; with a valve in said IIO ' between the main inlet and either of the subsidiary inlets, and between the main outlet and either ot' the subsidiary outlets, said ports being also adapted to communicate with the by-pass when the valve is properly tu rned,and thus establish a short circuit between the main inlet and outlet, substantially as and for the purpose described. Y

' l2. In a motor, the combination of the main shaft, a gear thereon, diametrically opposite gearpistons meshing with said gear, four fluid-chambers, B, C, B', C', the fluid-passage connecting chambers C, C', the fluid-passage connecting chambers B,.B; the valve-chamber, the inlet and outlet ports, separate passages connecting the inlet-ports with one end of chambers B and C respectively, and separate passages connecting the outlet-ports with the opposite ends of chambers B O'respectively, and a valve whereby the iiuid may be directed into either chamber B or C and withdrawn from the other, substantially as described.

13. In a motor, the combination of the main shaft, the gear thereon, the gear-pistons meshing therewith, the fluid-chambers on opposite sides of said gear-pistons, and passages establishing communication between diagonally opposite iluid-chambers; with the valvechamber, separate inlet andoutlet passages leading from the valve-chamber to each ofthe nearest Huid-chambers, and a valve, whereby l the inlet to either fluid-chamber may be closed and the outlet to the other opened, for the purpose and substantially as described.

14. In a reversible motor or pump, the combination of a main shaft, a gea-r thereon, a gear-piston meshing with said gear, the upper fluid-chamber and the lower fluid-chamber at opposite sides of said gear-piston, the valve-chamber, the fluid-passage B2- communicating with said valve-chamber and with the lower fluid-chamber, the Huid-passage C2 commu nicating-with the upper fluid-chamber, and the valve-chamberthe subsidiary fluidpassage B3 communicating with the lower Huid-chamber, andthe valve-chamber, and the subsidiary passage C3 communicating with the upper fluid-chamber and the valvechamber; with valve mechanism in said valvechamber whereby fluid may be admitted into passages B2 or C3 and allowed to escape from passages C2 or B3, for the purpose and substantially as described.

15. The herein-described reversible motor or pump, comprising the working chambers A, A', the gear-pistons therein, the interposed gear-chamber, the gear therein meshingwith both the said pistons, the upper fluid-chambers B, C', andthe lower fluid-chambers() and B', the valve-chamber, the Huid-passage B2 communicating with said valve-chamber and with chambers B, B', the {luid-passage O2 communicating with the valve-chamber and chambers C, C', the subsidiary fluid-passage B3 communicating with the chamber B and the valve-chamber, the subsidiary passage 03 communicating with chamber O andy the valve-chamber, and valve mechanism in said valve-chamber, whereby iiuid maybe admitted into passages B2 or C3 and allowed `to escape from passages C2 or B3, for the purpose and substantially as described. Y

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I aflixV my signature in presence of two witnesses. Y

WILLIAM O WORTH. Witnesses:

B. P. DONNELLY, W. R. DONALDSON. 

